Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that affects nearly every system within the body. There are over 400+ symptoms of celiac disease and there is no cure. The only treatment is a strict adherence to a gluten free diet. The effects of untreated celiac disease by either intentional or unintentional means can result in immediate undesirable symptoms or can go completely unnoticed – symptoms often referred to as “silent celiac” – either of which can have cumulative and potentially irreversible effects on the body.

Why Get Tested For Celiac Disease?
There are many reasons why one should get tested for celiac disease, but it is especially important to understand that celiac disease is hereditary and that it and its associated medical conditions run in families. So, get tested for celiac disease if:
- You have a family member who has been diagnosed with celiac disease.
- You are experiencing any symptoms associated with celiac disease.
- You or one of your family members have a history of any of the symptoms of or have been diagnosed with any other conditions associated with celiac disease.
It is important to know your risks so you can get tested. If you are diagnosed with celiac disease, it is imperative to learn what gluten free really means, how to read food labels, and how to live a gluten free lifestyle so you can immediately implement a gluten free diet and so your body can begin to heal.
400+ Symptoms of Celiac Disease
It is important to recognize all potential symptoms and associated medical conditions associated with celiac disease. Knowingly eating gluten despite being aware of the consequences of it or inadvertently ingesting gluten free foods that have been cross contacted or cross contaminated with gluten can result in internal damage that have long lasting consequences beyond any short-term effects that will have resolved within hours, days, or weeks of the incident.
To help you better assess your risk of developing celiac disease, check out this list of symptoms and other conditions that are associated with celiac disease.
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Abdominal Pain
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
Acne
References:
- Lebwohl B, Söderling J, Roelstraete B, Lebwohl MG, Green PHR, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of skin disorders in patients with celiac disease: A population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Dec;85(6):1456-1464. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.079. Epub 2020 Nov 1. PMID: 33144153.
Addison’s Disease (Adrenal gland failure/insufficiency)
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Adenocarcinoma of the Small Intestine
References:
- Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Allergic Rhinitis
References:
- Krishna MT, Subramanian A, Adderley NJ, Zemedikun DT, Gkoutos GV, Nirantharakumar K. Allergic diseases and long-term risk of autoimmune disorders: longitudinal cohort study and cluster analysis. Eur Respir J. 2019;54(5):1900476. doi:10.1183/13993003.00476-2019
- Assa A, Frenkel-Nir Y, Tzur D, Katz LH, Shamir R. Large population study shows that adolescents with celiac disease have an increased risk of multiple autoimmune and nonautoimmune comorbidities. Acta Paediatr. 2017;106(6):967-972. doi:10.1111/apa.13808
Alopecia Areata (Patches of hair loss)
References:
- Almohanna HM, Ahmed AA, Tsatalis JP, Tosti A. The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019 Mar;9(1):51-70. doi: 10.1007/s13555-018-0278-6. Epub 2018 Dec 13. PMID: 30547302; PMCID: PMC6380979.
- Lebwohl B, Söderling J, Roelstraete B, Lebwohl MG, Green PHR, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of skin disorders in patients with celiac disease: A population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Dec;85(6):1456-1464. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.079. Epub 2020 Nov 1. PMID: 33144153.
- Popa A, Carsote M, Cretoiu D, Dumitrascu MC, Nistor C-E, Sandru F. Study of the Thyroid Profile of Patients with Alopecia. Journal of Clinical Medicine [Internet]. 2023 Jan 31;12(3):1115. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031115
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Alopecia, Diffuse (Balding)
References:
- Almohanna HM, Ahmed AA, Tsatalis JP, Tosti A. The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019 Mar;9(1):51-70. doi: 10.1007/s13555-018-0278-6. Epub 2018 Dec 13. PMID: 30547302; PMCID: PMC6380979.
- Popa A, Carsote M, Cretoiu D, Dumitrascu MC, Nistor C-E, Sandru F. Study of the Thyroid Profile of Patients with Alopecia. Journal of Clinical Medicine [Internet]. 2023 Jan 31;12(3):1115. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031115
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Amenorrhea (Absence of menstrual period)
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Amnesia
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Anemia, Folate – Folic Acid or B9
References:
- Caeiro C, Pragosa C, Cruz MC, Pereira CD, Pereira SG. The Role of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease: Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies to Improve Well-Being and Health. J Nutr Metab. 2022 Feb 9;2022:8502169. doi: 10.1155/2022/8502169. PMID: 35186332; PMCID: PMC8850039.
- Folate and folic acid in pregnancy. 2021 Apr 10. American Pregnancy Association. [accessed 2023 Oct 13]. https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/infertility/folate-vs-folic-acid/.
- Khan KM, Jialal I. Folic Acid Deficiency. [Updated 2022 Jun 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535377/
- Roldan, Giovanni A. MD1,2; Goyes, Daniela MD3; Villafuerte-Gálvez, Javier A. MD4; Urquiaga, Mariana MD5; Dennis, Melinda MS, RDN4,6; Murray, Joseph A. MD7; Leffler, Daniel A. MD4,6; Kelly, Ciarán P. MD4,6. Anemia Etiology and the Response to a Gluten-Free Diet in Untreated Patients With Celiac Disease: A 2-Year Follow-Up. The American Journal of Gastroenterology: October 2022 – Volume 117 – Issue 10 – p 1684-1692 doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001875
- Seidita A, Mansueto P, Compagnoni S, Castellucci D, Soresi M, Chiarello G, Cavallo G, De Carlo G, Nigro A, Chiavetta M, Mandreucci F, Giuliano A, Disclafani R, Carroccio A. Anemia in Celiac Disease: Prevalence, Associated Clinical and Laboratory Features, and Persistence after Gluten-Free Diet. J Pers Med. 2022 Sep 26;12(10):1582. doi: 10.3390/jpm12101582. PMID: 36294721; PMCID: PMC9604793.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Anemia, Iron
References:
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Anemia, Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
References:
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Anemia, Vitamin B12
References:
- Folate and folic acid in pregnancy. 2021 Apr 10. American Pregnancy Association. [accessed 2023 Oct 13]. https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/infertility/folate-vs-folic-acid/.
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Angina Pectoris
References:
Anorexia (Poor appetite)
References:
- Mårild K, Størdal K, Bulik CM, Rewers M, Ekbom A, Liu E, Ludvigsson JF. Celiac Disease and Anorexia Nervosa: A Nationwide Study. Pediatrics. 2017 May;139(5):e20164367. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-4367. Epub 2017 Apr 3. PMID: 28557761.
Anti-Endomysium Antibodies (EMA)
References:
- Roca, M.; Donat, E.; Marco-Maestud, N.; Masip, E.; Hervás-Marín, D.; Ramos, D.; Polo, B.; Ribes-Koninckx, C. Efficacy Study of Anti-Endomysium Antibodies for Celiac Disease Diagnosis: A Retrospective Study in a Spanish Pediatric Population. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 2179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122179
Anti-Gliadin Antibodies (AGA)
References:
- Roca, M.; Donat, E.; Marco-Maestud, N.; Masip, E.; Hervás-Marín, D.; Ramos, D.; Polo, B.; Ribes-Koninckx, C. Efficacy Study of Anti-Endomysium Antibodies for Celiac Disease Diagnosis: A Retrospective Study in a Spanish Pediatric Population. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 2179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122179
Anti-Neuronal Antibodies
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
References:
- Laine O, Pitkänen K, Lindfors K, Huhtala H, Niemelä O, Collin P, Kurppa K, Kaukinen K. Elevated serum antiphospholipid antibodies in adults with celiac disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2018 May;50(5):457-461. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.11.018. Epub 2017 Dec 2. PMID: 29258815.
Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies (tTG)
References:
- Roca, M.; Donat, E.; Marco-Maestud, N.; Masip, E.; Hervás-Marín, D.; Ramos, D.; Polo, B.; Ribes-Koninckx, C. Efficacy Study of Anti-Endomysium Antibodies for Celiac Disease Diagnosis: A Retrospective Study in a Spanish Pediatric Population. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 2179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122179
Anxiety
References:
Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Aortic Vasculitis
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Apathy
References:
Aphthous Stomatitis/Ulcers (Canker sores in mouth)
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Appetite, Increased
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Appetite, Decreased (Anorexia)
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Arterial Thrombosis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Associated Autoimmune Antibodies
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Asthma
References:
- Canova C, Pitter G, Ludvigsson JF, et al. Coeliac disease and asthma association in children: the role of antibiotic consumption. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(1):115-122. doi:10.1183/09031936.00185714
- Krishna MT, Subramanian A, Adderley NJ, Zemedikun DT, Gkoutos GV, Nirantharakumar K. Allergic diseases and long-term risk of autoimmune disorders: longitudinal cohort study and cluster analysis. Eur Respir J. 2019;54(5):1900476. doi:10.1183/13993003.00476-2019
- Li T, Feng Y, Wang C, et al. Causal relationships between autoimmune diseases and celiac disease: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2024;40(4):4611-4626. doi:10.1080/02648725.2023.2215039
- Ludvigsson JF, Hemminki K, Wahlström J, Almqvist C. Celiac disease confers a 1.6-fold increased risk of asthma: a nationwide population-based cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(4):1071-1073. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1076
Ataxia, Gait Disturbance
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Ataxia, Gluten
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Ataxia, Progressive Myoclonic
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Atherosclerosis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Atopic Dermatitis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
References:
- Butwicka MD, PhD A, Lichtenstein PhD P, Friesén MD, PhD L, Almqvist MD, PhD C, Larsson PhD H, Ludvigsson MD, PhD JF. Celiac disease is associated with childhood psychiatric disorders: A population-based study [Internet]. The Journal of Pediatrics. Mosby; 2017 [cited 2023Feb24]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022347617301531
- Niederhofer H. Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and celiac disease: a brief report. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13(3):PCC.10br01104. doi: 10.4088/PCC.10br01104. PMID: 21977364; PMCID: PMC3184556.
Autism and Learning Disorders
References:
Autoimmune Cholangitis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Autoimmune Disorders in Celiac Disease
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Autoimmune Disorders in Dermatitis Herpetiformis
References:
Autoimmune Encephalopathy
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
References:
Autoimmune Thyroid
References:
- Ashok T, Patni N, Fatima M, Lamis A, Siddiqui SW. Celiac Disease and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: The Two Peas in a Pod. Cureus. 2022 Jun 23;14(6):e26243. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26243. PMID: 35911325; PMCID: PMC9312543.
- Stazi AV, Trinti B. Carenza di selenio nella malattia celiaca: rischio di tireopatie autoimmuni [Selenium deficiency in celiac disease: risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases]. Minerva Med. 2008 Dec;99(6):643-53. Italian. PMID: 19034261.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Beta Casein Enteropathy (Cow’s dairy intolerance similar to celiac disease)
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
Bitot’s Spots (Foamy patches on whites of eye)
References:
Bleeding, Unexplained
References:
Blepharitis
References:
Bloodshot Eyes
References:
Blurred Vision
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme, Elevated
References:
Bone Fracture
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Bone Pain
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Brain Atrophy
References:
Brainstem Encephalitis
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Brain Fog
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Bronchial Pneumonia
References:
Bronchiectasis
References:
Burning Dysesthesias
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Calcium, Low
References:
- Caeiro C, Pragosa C, Cruz MC, Pereira CD, Pereira SG. The Role of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease: Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies to Improve Well-Being and Health. J Nutr Metab. 2022 Feb 9;2022:8502169. doi: 10.1155/2022/8502169. PMID: 35186332; PMCID: PMC8850039.
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
Cancer of the Esophagus
References:
- Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Cancer of the Pharynx
References:
- Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Candida Infections
References:
Carbohydrate Malabsorption
References:
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Cardiomegaly
References:
Cataracts
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Cerebellar Ataxia
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Cerebral Perfusion Abnormalities (Poor blood flow)
References:
Cheilosis (Red lips, cracking/ oozing at corners of mouth)
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Cholesterol, Low (below 156)
References:
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
References:
Chorea
References:
Chronic Bullous Dermatosis
References:
Chronic Infections
References:
Clubbing
References:
Coagulation Factors, Low
References:
Cognitive Impairment
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Colitis, Collagenous
References:
Colitis, Lymphocytic
References:
Colitis, Ulcerative
References:
- Pinto-Sanchez MI, Seiler CL, Santesso N, Alaedini A, Semrad C, Lee AR, et al. Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology. 2020May13;159(3).
Collagen-Vascular Disease
References:
Colonic Volvulus (Loop of intestine twists causing strangulation of intestine)
References:
Colorectal Cancer
References:
Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
References:
Complications After Childbirth
References:
Complications During Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Confabulation
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Confused/ Faulty Thinking
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Congenital Anomalies
References:
Congestive Heart Failure
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Constipation
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Copper, Low
References:
- Caeiro C, Pragosa C, Cruz MC, Pereira CD, Pereira SG. The Role of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease: Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies to Improve Well-Being and Health. J Nutr Metab. 2022 Feb 9;2022:8502169. doi: 10.1155/2022/8502169. PMID: 35186332; PMCID: PMC8850039.
- Qureshi A, Bergbower E, Patel J. Copper deficiency myeloneuropathy with a history of malabsorption: a tale of two cases. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2021 Jan 26;11(1):152-155. doi: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1850989. PMID: 33552441; PMCID: PMC7850398.
Corneal Clouding
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Coronary Artery Disease
References:
Gupta K, Sawalha K, Pundlik S, Abozenah M, Naseem K, Al-Akchar M, et al. Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients with Celiac Disease, a United States Nationwide Experience. Hearts [Internet]. 2022 Mar 1;3(1):38–44. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hearts3010006
Cortical Calcifying Angiomatosis
References:
Crohn’s Disease
References:
- Pinto-Sanchez MI, Seiler CL, Santesso N, Alaedini A, Semrad C, Lee AR, et al. Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology. 2020May13;159(3).
Cryptic Intestinal T-cell Lymphoma (Refractory Sprue)
References:
- Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Cutaneous Vasculitis
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Cutis Laxa
References:
Cystic Fibrosis
References:
References:
- Roca, M.; Donat, E.; Marco-Maestud, N.; Masip, E.; Hervás-Marín, D.; Ramos, D.; Polo, B.; Ribes-Koninckx, C. Efficacy Study of Anti-Endomysium Antibodies for Celiac Disease Diagnosis: A Retrospective Study in a Spanish Pediatric Population. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 2179. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122179
References:
- Alsadat FA, Alamoudi NM, El-Housseiny AA, Felemban OM, Dardeer FM, Saadah OI. Oral and dental manifestations of celiac disease in children: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):669. doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01976-4
- Wieser H, Amato M, Caggiano M, Ciacci C. Dental manifestations and celiac disease-an overview. J Clin Med. 2023;12(8). doi:10.3390/jcm12082801
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
Delayed Gastric Emptying (Early fullness after eating)
References:
Delayed Puberty in Boys
References:
Delayed Puberty in Girls
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Dental Enamel Defects – white or brown spots, ridges on teeth or malformed teeth resulting from typical CD while teeth are forming
References:
- Alsadat FA, Alamoudi NM, El-Housseiny AA, Felemban OM, Dardeer FM, Saadah OI. Oral and dental manifestations of celiac disease in children: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):669. doi:10.1186/s12903-021-01976-4
- Wieser H, Amato M, Caggiano M, Ciacci C. Dental manifestations and celiac disease-an overview. J Clin Med. 2023;12(8). doi:10.3390/jcm12082801
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
Dementia
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Depression
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
References:
- Pasternack C, Hervonen K, Mansikka E, Reunala T, Kaukinen K, Salmi T. Sex-differences in Gluten-free Dietary Adherence and Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Long-term Treated Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2022 May 16;102:adv00713. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v102.1072. PMID: 35393627; PMCID: PMC9558333.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Dermatomyositis
References:
Song MS, Farber D, Bitton A, Jass J, Singer M, Karpati G. Dermatomyositis associated with celiac disease: response to a gluten-free diet. Can J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jun;20(6):433-5. doi: 10.1155/2006/574074. PMID: 16779462; PMCID: PMC2659927.
Developmental Delay
References:
Diabetes Mellitus Type I
References:
- Popoviciu MS, Kaka N, Sethi Y, Patel N, Chopra H, Cavalu S. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Autoimmune Diseases: A Critical Review of the Association and the Application of Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med. 2023 Feb 26;13(3):422. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030422. PMID: 36983604; PMCID: PMC10056161.
Diabetic Instability
References:
Diarrhea, acute (Also called celiac crisis)
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Diarrhea, chronic
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Disorders of antibody production
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Disorders of bone, joints and teeth
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Disorders of childbearing
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Disorders of children that occur after birth
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Disorders of chromosomes
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Disorders of kidneys and urinary tract structure and function
References:
Disorders of lung tissue and broncheal tree structure and function
References:
Disorders of muscle structure and function
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Disorders of organ structure and function
References:
Disorders of skin, hair, and nails
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Disorders of that occur before birth of the child
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Disorders of the body as a whole
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Disorders of the glands
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Disorders of the heart and blood vessels
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Disorders of the lymphocytes (white blood cells), lymph nodes and spleen
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Down Syndrome
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Duodenal Erosions in the Second Part of Duodenum (Small ulcers)
References:
Dysarthria
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Dysautonomia
References:
- Burkhart A. 2020 Apr 27. POTS syndrome and gluten: A connection. Amy Burkhart, MD, RD. [accessed 2023 Oct 15]. https://theceliacmd.com/pots-postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-celiac-disease-and-gluten-an-undiscovered-connection/.
- Mannan H, Pain CM. 2023. Sex adjusted standardized prevalence ratios for celiac disease and other autoimmune diseases in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon. 9(2):e12982. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12982. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023001895.
- Zha K, Brook J, McLaughlin A, Blitshteyn S. 2023. Gluten-free diet in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Chronic Illn. 19(2):409–417. doi:10.1177/17423953221076984. [accessed 2023 Oct 15]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35098721/.
Dysgueusia
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Dysmenorrhea (Painful menstrual periods)men
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Dyspareunia (Painful intercourse)
References:
Dyspepsia – “Stomach Aches”
References:
Zádori N, Németh D, Frim L, Vörhendi N, Szakó L, Váncsa S, Hegyi P, Czimmer J. Dyspepsia-Like Symptoms in Helicobacter pylori-Negative Chronic Gastritis are Associated with ASCA-, ANCA-, and Celiac Seropositivity but Not with Other Autoimmune Parameters: A Single-Centre, Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med. 2022 Oct 12;15:7789-7796. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S380419. PMID: 36258798; PMCID: PMC9572481.
Dysphagia (Difficulty swallowing)
References:
Dysphonia
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Easy Bruising (Ecchymosis)
References:
Eczema
References:
- Lebwohl B, Söderling J, Roelstraete B, Lebwohl MG, Green PHR, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of skin disorders in patients with celiac disease: A population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Dec;85(6):1456-1464. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.079. Epub 2020 Nov 1. PMID: 33144153.
- Shalom, G., Kridin, K., Raviv, KO. et al. Atopic Dermatitis and Celiac Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study of 116,816 Patients. Am J Clin Dermatol 21, 133–138 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-019-00474-2
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Edema (Swelling)
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Edema of Small Intestinal Lining
References:
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
- Thwaites PA, Gibson PR, Burgell RE. 2022. Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: What the gastroenterologist needs to know. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 37(9):1693–1709. doi:10.1111/jgh.15927. [accessed 2023 Oct 15]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15927.
Endometriosis
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Enteropathic Arthritis
References:
Enteropathy Associated T-cell Lymphoma (EATL)
References:
Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
References:
- Dharmaraj R, Hagglund K, Lyons H. Eosinophilic esophagitis associated with celiac disease in children. BMC Res Notes. 2015 Jun 26;8:263. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1256-z. PMID: 26109172; PMCID: PMC4480992.
- Johnson JB, Boynton KK, Peterson KA. Co-occurrence of eosinophilic esophagitis and potential/probable celiac disease in an adult cohort: a possible association with implications for clinical practice: Gluten Spectrum in EoE. Dis Esophagus [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 12];29(8):977–82. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/dote/article/29/8/977/2756814?login=false
- Patton T, Chugh A, Padhye L, DeGeeter C, Guandalini S. Pediatric celiac disease and eosinophilic esophagitis: Outcome of dietary therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Jun 12];69(2):e43–8. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/jpgn/fulltext/2019/08000/Pediatric_Celiac_Disease_and_Eosinophilic.16.aspx
Epilepsy
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
- Peltola M, Kaukinen K, Basnyat P, et al. Hippocampal sclerosis is associated with celiac disease type immunity in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurol. 2024;271(5):2596-2604. doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12210-w
Erythema Nodosum
References:
Esophageal Motor Abnormalities (Poor muscle activity/coordination)
References:
Esophageal Small Cell Carcinoma
References:
Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Esophageal Ulcers
References:
Extraintestinal Lymphomas
References:
Eythema Elevatum Diutinum
References:
Failure to Thrive and Stunted Growth
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
- Muhammad A, Arif N, Wajid KK, et al. Short stature and celiac disease in children (5 to 16 years) presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Cureus. Published online 2022. doi:10.7759/cureus.26099
- Nurminen S, Kivelä L, Taavela J, et al. Factors associated with growth disturbance at celiac disease diagnosis in children: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15(1). doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0357-4
- Aggarwal N, Dwarakanathan V, Singh A, et al. Spectrum of height in patients with celiac disease. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2021;40(6):604-612. doi:10.1007/s12664-021-01173-9
- Esmaeilzadeh A, Ganji A, Goshayeshi L, et al. Adult celiac disease: Patients are shorter compared with their peers in the general population. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2016;8(4):303-309. doi:10.15171/mejdd.2016.40
- Almahmoud E, Alkazemi DUZ, Al-Qabandi W. Growth stunting and nutritional deficiencies among children and adolescents with celiac disease in Kuwait: A case-control study. Children (Basel). 2024;11(9). doi:10.3390/children11091042
Fatigue/ Lassitude
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Faulty Learning
References:
Fecal Occult Blood (Blood found in stool that is not visible to the naked eye)
References:
Fibromyalgia
References:
Flatulence (Gas)
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
Follicular Hyperkeratosis (Dry rough skin/ plugged hair follicles on body)
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Food Allergies, IgE and non-IgE Immune Responses
References:
Gas (Flatulence)
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
Gastric Ulcer (Stomach ulcers)
References:
Gastric Ulcerations
References:
Gastritis, Collagenous
References:
Gastritis, Lymphocytic
References:
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
References:
Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Gastro-Intestinal Complications of Type 1 Diabetes
References:
- Popoviciu MS, Kaka N, Sethi Y, Patel N, Chopra H, Cavalu S. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Autoimmune Diseases: A Critical Review of the Association and the Application of Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med. 2023 Feb 26;13(3):422. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030422. PMID: 36983604; PMCID: PMC10056161.
Gastro-Intestinal Occult Bleeding (Blood in stool that is not visible to naked eye)
References:
Glossitis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Glucose, Low
References:
Glucose, Elevated
References:
Gluten Sensitive Enteritis
References:
Glycogenic Acanthosis
References:
Grave’s Disease (Autoimmune Induced Hyperthyroidism)
References:
- Ashok T, Patni N, Fatima M, Lamis A, Siddiqui SW. Celiac Disease and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: The Two Peas in a Pod. Cureus. 2022 Jun 23;14(6):e26243. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26243. PMID: 35911325; PMCID: PMC9312543.
- Dore MP, Fanciulli G, Rouatbi M, Mereu S, Pes GM. Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders Are More Prevalent in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. J Clin Med. 2022 Oct 12;11(20):6027. doi: 10.3390/jcm11206027. PMID: 36294348; PMCID: PMC9605329.
Gums bleeding/ swollen (Purplish in adults/ red in children)
References:
H. Pylori Bacter (Infection of the stomach)
References:
Hallucination
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (Autoimmune Induced Hypothyroidism)
References:
- Ashok T, Patni N, Fatima M, Lamis A, Siddiqui SW. Celiac Disease and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: The Two Peas in a Pod. Cureus. 2022 Jun 23;14(6):e26243. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26243. PMID: 35911325; PMCID: PMC9312543.
Headache
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Heartburn
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Hemochromatosis
References:
- Singhal A, Moreea S, Reynolds PD, Bzeizi KI. Coeliac disease and hereditary haemochromatosis: association and implications. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Feb;16(2):235-7. doi: 10.1097/00042737-200402000-00020. PMID: 15076002.
- Zubizarreta, Elisabet; Zapata, Eva; Castiella, Agustin. Celiac disease and hemochromatosis. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 20(6):p 589, June 2008. | DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3282f4e8a6
Hemolytic Anemia
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Hepatic Granulomatous Disease
References:
Homocysteine, Elevated
References:
Hyperactivity
References:
Hypercalcemic Hyperparathyroidism
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Hypercoagulability
References:
- Lerner A, Blank M. Hypercoagulability in celiac disease–an update. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Nov;13(11):1138-41. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.07.004. Epub 2014 Aug 20. PMID: 25149392.
- Pantic N, Pantic I, Jevtic D, Mogulla V, Oluic S, Durdevic M, et al. Celiac Disease and Thrombotic Events: Systematic Review of Published Cases. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 May 23;14(10):2162. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102162
Hyperprolactinemia (elevated prolactin hormone)
References:
- Delvecchio M, Faienza MF, Lonero A, Rutigliano V, Francavilla R, Cavallo L. Prolactin may be increased in newly diagnosed celiac children and adolescents and decreases after 6 months of gluten-free diet. Horm Res Paediatr. 2014;81(5):309-13. doi: 10.1159/000357064. Epub 2014 Mar 5. PMID: 24603159.
Hypertension
References:
Hypocalciuria
References:
Hypogonadism
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Hypokalemic Rhabdomyolysis (Acute, severe potassium deficiency)
References:
Hypoprothrombinemia
References:
Hyposplenism (Atrophy of spleen)
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Hypotonia
References:
Ichthyosis, Acquired
References:
- Kárpáti S, Sárdy M, Németh K, Mayer B, Smyth N, Paulsson M, Traupe H. Transglutaminases in autoimmune and inherited skin diseases: The phenomena of epitope spreading and functional compensation. Exp Dermatol. 2018 Aug;27(8):807-814. doi: 10.1111/exd.13449. Epub 2018 Feb 26. PMID: 28940785.
- Menni S, Boccardi D, Brusasco A. Ichthyosis revealing coeliac disease. Eur J Dermatol. 2000 Jul-Aug;10(5):398-9. PMID: 10882952.
- Nenna R, D’Eufemia P, Celli M, Mennini M, Petrarca L, Zambrano A, et al. Celiac Disease and Lamellar Ichthyosis. Case Study Analysis and Review of the Literature. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2011;19(4):268–70.
Idiopathic Dilated (congestive) Cardiomyopathy
References:
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
References:
Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
References:
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
References:
- Dogan M, Sal E, Akbayram S, Peker E, Cesur Y, Oner AF. Concurrent celiac disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune thyroiditis: a case report. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2011 Nov-Dec;17(6):E13-6. doi: 10.1177/1076029610378502. Epub 2010 Aug 3. PMID: 20682594.
IgA Deficiency
References:
- Pantic N, Pantic I, Jevtic D, Mogulla V, Oluic S, Durdevic M, et al. Celiac Disease and Thrombotic Events: Systematic Review of Published Cases. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 May 23;14(10):2162. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102162
IgA Nephropathy
References:
Impaired Gall Bladder Motility
References:
Impotence
References:
Inability to Concentrate
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Inattentiveness
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Increased Pulmonary Permeability
References:
Increased Susceptibility to Tuberculosis
References:
Infertility
References:
- Folate and folic acid in pregnancy. 2021 Apr 10. American Pregnancy Association. [accessed 2023 Oct 13]. https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/infertility/folate-vs-folic-acid/.
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Intraepithelial Lymphocytosis in Small Bowel Samples
References:
Intrauterine Growth Retardation/Restriction
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Irregular Menstruation
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
References:
Itchy Skin Rash
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Jaundice
References:
- High prevalence of celiac disease in autoimmune hepatitis [Internet]. Medscape. 2021 [cited 2023 Jun 3]. Available from: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/962118
- Khan SA, Imran M, Ali Q, Malik MI. Celiac disease with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoimmune hepatitis in a young child: Case report and literature review. Clin Med Insights Pediatr [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jun 3];16:11795565221120564. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11795565221120565
- Liu JZ, Almarri MA, Gaffney DJ, Mells GF, Jostins L, Cordell HJ, et al. Dense fine-mapping study identifies new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis. Nat Genet [Internet]. 2012;44(10):1137–41. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2395
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis [Internet]. National Organization for Rare Disorders. 2015 [cited 2023 Jun 3]. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis/
- Rubio-Tapia A, Murray JA. Liver involvement in celiac disease. Minerva Med [Internet]. 2008;99(6):595–604. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034257
- Villalta D, Girolami D, Bidoli E, Bizzaro N, Tampoia M, Liguori M, et al. High prevalence of celiac disease in autoimmune hepatitis detected by anti-tissue tranglutaminase autoantibodies. J Clin Lab Anal [Internet]. 2005;19(1):6–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.20047
- Villavicencio Kim J, Wu GY. Celiac disease and elevated liver enzymes: A review. J Clin Transl Hepatol [Internet]. 2021;9(1):116–24. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2020.00089
- Zali MR, Rostami Nejad M, Rostami K, Alavian SM. Liver complications in celiac disease. Hepat Mon [Internet]. 2011;11(5):333–41. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087157
Jejunitis, chronic
References:
Joint Pain
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Juvenile Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
References:
Juvenile Diabetes (Also called Type 1 Diabetes)
References:
- Popoviciu MS, Kaka N, Sethi Y, Patel N, Chopra H, Cavalu S. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Autoimmune Diseases: A Critical Review of the Association and the Application of Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med. 2023 Feb 26;13(3):422. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030422. PMID: 36983604; PMCID: PMC10056161.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
References:
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
References:
Keratomalacia
References:
Kidney Stones
References:
Koilonychia
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Lactose Intolerance
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
Laryngospasm
References:
Late Menarche
References:
Latent Anemia in Enzymopathies of Small Intestine (Lack of enzymes produced by villi)
References:
Leaky Gut Syndrome
References:
Leukopenia
References:
- Halfdanarson TR, Litzow MR, Murray JA. Hematologic manifestations of celiac disease. Blood. 2007 Jan 15;109(2):412-21. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-031104. Epub 2006 Sep 14. PMID: 16973955; PMCID: PMC1785098.
Little or no nail growth
References:
Liver Enzymes, Elevated
References:
- High prevalence of celiac disease in autoimmune hepatitis [Internet]. Medscape. 2021 [cited 2023 Jun 3]. Available from: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/962118
- Khan SA, Imran M, Ali Q, Malik MI. Celiac disease with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoimmune hepatitis in a young child: Case report and literature review. Clin Med Insights Pediatr [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jun 3];16:11795565221120564. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11795565221120565
- Liu JZ, Almarri MA, Gaffney DJ, Mells GF, Jostins L, Cordell HJ, et al. Dense fine-mapping study identifies new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis. Nat Genet [Internet]. 2012;44(10):1137–41. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2395
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis [Internet]. National Organization for Rare Disorders. 2015 [cited 2023 Jun 3]. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/primary-biliary-cholangitis/
- Rubio-Tapia A, Murray JA. Liver involvement in celiac disease. Minerva Med [Internet]. 2008;99(6):595–604. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034257
- Villalta D, Girolami D, Bidoli E, Bizzaro N, Tampoia M, Liguori M, et al. High prevalence of celiac disease in autoimmune hepatitis detected by anti-tissue tranglutaminase autoantibodies. J Clin Lab Anal [Internet]. 2005;19(1):6–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.20047
- Villavicencio Kim J, Wu GY. Celiac disease and elevated liver enzymes: A review. J Clin Transl Hepatol [Internet]. 2021;9(1):116–24. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2020.00089
- Zali MR, Rostami Nejad M, Rostami K, Alavian SM. Liver complications in celiac disease. Hepat Mon [Internet]. 2011;11(5):333–41. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087157
Loss of Immediate Memory
References:
Loss of Memory
References:
Loss of Vitality
References:
Low Blood Sugar
References:
Lung Cavities or Abcess
References:
Lymphadenopathy
References:
Lymphoma
References:
- Halfdanarson TR, Litzow MR, Murray JA. Hematologic manifestations of celiac disease. Blood. 2007 Jan 15;109(2):412-21. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-031104. Epub 2006 Sep 14. PMID: 16973955; PMCID: PMC1785098.
- Pantic N, Pantic I, Jevtic D, Mogulla V, Oluic S, Durdevic M, et al. Celiac Disease and Thrombotic Events: Systematic Review of Published Cases. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 May 23;14(10):2162. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102162
Macroamylasemia
References:
Macrocytosis
References:
Macrolipasemia
References:
Magnesium, Low
References:
- Caeiro C, Pragosa C, Cruz MC, Pereira CD, Pereira SG. The Role of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease: Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies to Improve Well-Being and Health. J Nutr Metab. 2022 Feb 9;2022:8502169. doi: 10.1155/2022/8502169. PMID: 35186332; PMCID: PMC8850039.
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
Malabsorption of Nutrients
References:
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Maltose Intolerance
References:
Megaloblastic anemia
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Melanoma
References:
Menopausal Disorder
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Menopause – Early/Premature
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Mesenteric Lymph Node Cavitation
References:
Microcytic Anemia
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Migraine
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Miscarriage, Spontaneous
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Mortality, Increased Risk
References:
- Holmes GKT, Muirhead A Mortality in coeliac disease: a population-based cohort study from a single centre in Southern Derbyshire, UK BMJ Open Gastroenterology 2018;5:e000201. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000201
- Lebwohl B, Green PHR, Söderling J, Roelstraete B, Ludvigsson JF. Association Between Celiac Disease and Mortality Risk in a Swedish Population. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1277–1285. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1943
Multiple Sclerosis
References:
Muscle Pain and Tenderness
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Muscle Spasm and Cramps
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Muscle Wasting
References:
Muscle Weakness
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Myelopathy
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Nails with Rounded and Curved Down Ends, Dark, Dry
References:
Nails with Horizontal and Vertical Ridges/Fragile
References:
Nails with Splinter Hemorrhages
References:
Nails with White Spots
References:
Nails, Dry and brittle that chip, peel, crack or break easily
References:
Nausea
References:
Neuropathy
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
- Patel SC, Shreya D, Zamora DI, Patel GS, Grossmann I, Rodriguez K, Soni M, Joshi PK, Sange I. Celiac Disease, Beyond the Bowel: A Review of Its Neurological Manifestations. Cureus. 2021 Dec 2;13(12):e20112. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20112. PMID: 34984152; PMCID: PMC8720288.
Nervous System Disorders
References:
Neutropenia
References:
- Halfdanarson TR, Litzow MR, Murray JA. Hematologic manifestations of celiac disease. Blood. 2007 Jan 15;109(2):412-21. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-031104. Epub 2006 Sep 14. PMID: 16973955; PMCID: PMC1785098.
Nightblindness
References:
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
References:
Non-Response to Tuberculosis Treatment
References:
Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Normochromic Normocytic Anemia
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Nosebleeds, Unexplained
References:
Nystagmus
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Obesity
References:
Occipital Calcification
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
OCD – Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
References:
Ocularmotor Disorders
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Ocular Myopathy
References:
Ophtalmoplegia
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Oral Mucosal Lesions (Mouth lesions)
References:
Oropharyngeal Cancer
References:
- Kalra, N., Mukerjee, A., Sinha, S., Muralidhar, V., Serin, Y., Tiwari, A., & Verma, A.K. (2022). Current updates on the association between celiac disease and cancer, and the effects of the gluten‑free diet for modifying the risk (Review). International Journal of Functional Nutrition, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2022.25
Osteitis Fibrosa
References:
Osteomalacia
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Osteomalacic Myopathy
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Osteonecrosis
References:
Osteopenia
References:
Osteoporosis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Ovarian Dysfunction
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Pallor
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Pancreatic Insufficiency
References:
Pantothenic acid, low
References:
- Almohanna HM, Ahmed AA, Tsatalis JP, Tosti A. The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019 Mar;9(1):51-70. doi: 10.1007/s13555-018-0278-6. Epub 2018 Dec 13. PMID: 30547302; PMCID: PMC6380979.
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Papilledaema
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Parathyroid Carcinoma
References:
Paraplegia
References:
Parkinson Disease
References:
- Witoelar A, Jansen IE, Wang Y, et al. Genome-wide Pleiotropy Between Parkinson Disease and Autoimmune Diseases. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(7):780–792. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.0469
Pellagra
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Penicilllin V Impaired Absorption
References:
Perimenopausal Disorder
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Peripheral Neuropathy, including Paresthesias
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Phosphorus, Low
References:
- Almohanna HM, Ahmed AA, Tsatalis JP, Tosti A. The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019 Mar;9(1):51-70. doi: 10.1007/s13555-018-0278-6. Epub 2018 Dec 13. PMID: 30547302; PMCID: PMC6380979.
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Pigmented Dermatitis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
References:
Plasma Proteins, Low
References:
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
References:
Pneumococcal Septicemia
References:
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Polymyositis
References:
Poor Wound Healing
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Post-cricoid Cancer
References:
Posterior Columns Syndrome
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Potassium, Low
References:
- Almohanna HM, Ahmed AA, Tsatalis JP, Tosti A. The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019 Mar;9(1):51-70. doi: 10.1007/s13555-018-0278-6. Epub 2018 Dec 13. PMID: 30547302; PMCID: PMC6380979.
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Premenstrual Syndrome
References:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (Bile backs up in liver)
References:
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Primary Ovarian Failure
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (Scarring of bile ducts in liver)
References:
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Protein Deficiency (Dietary)
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Prolonged Prothrombin Time
References:
Prurigo Nodularis (Hyde’s Prurigo)
References:
- Rodrigo L, Beteta-Gorriti V, Alvarez N, Gómez de Castro C, De Dios A, Palacios L, Santos-Juanes J. 2018. Cutaneous and mucosal manifestations associated with celiac disease. Nutrients. 10(7):800. doi:10.3390/nu10070800. [accessed 2024 Jun 22]. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/7/800.
- Verdelli A, Corrà A, Mariotti EB, Aimo C, Quintarelli L, Ruffo di Calabria V, Donati ME, Bonciolini V, Antiga E, Caproni M. 2023. Skin gluten-related disorders: new and old cutaneous manifestations to be considered. Front Med (Lausanne). 10. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1155288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1155288.
- Yook HJ, Lee JH. 2024. Prurigo nodularis: Pathogenesis and the horizon of potential therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 25(10):5164. doi:10.3390/ijms25105164. [accessed 2024 Jun 22]. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/10/5164.
Psoriasis
References:
- Lebwohl B, Söderling J, Roelstraete B, Lebwohl MG, Green PHR, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of skin disorders in patients with celiac disease: A population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Dec;85(6):1456-1464. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.079. Epub 2020 Nov 1. PMID: 33144153.
Psoriatic Arthritis
References:
Psychosis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Pyridoxine (B6), Low
References:
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Quaternary hyperparathyroidism
References:
Recurrent Monoarthritis
References:
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Refractory Anemia (Unresponsive to iron therapy)
References:
Respiratory problems
References:
Restlessness
References:
Retinopathy
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Reynaud’s Syndrome
References:
Rheumatoid Arthritis
References:
Riboflavin, low (B2)
References:
- Almohanna HM, Ahmed AA, Tsatalis JP, Tosti A. The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019 Mar;9(1):51-70. doi: 10.1007/s13555-018-0278-6. Epub 2018 Dec 13. PMID: 30547302; PMCID: PMC6380979.
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Rickets
References:
Rosacea
References:
Sarcoidosis
References:
Scleroderma
References:
Seborrhea
References:
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Secondary Hypoparathyroidism
References:
Seizures
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Selenium deficiency
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
- Stazi AV, Trinti B. Carenza di selenio nella malattia celiaca: rischio di tireopatie autoimmuni [Selenium deficiency in celiac disease: risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases]. Minerva Med. 2008 Dec;99(6):643-53. Italian. PMID: 19034261.
Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
References:
- Nanah R, Chatterjee A, Nanah R, et al. Women’s Health Disorders in a Celiac Disease Population-A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0000956808.85757.1e
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac disease: Extraintestinal manifestations and associated conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(1):8-21. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267
- Weisbrod V. New research shows higher risk of reproductive disorders for women with celiac disease. Celiac Disease Foundation. April 25, 2024. https://celiac.org/2024/04/25/new-research-shows-higher-risk-of-reproductive-disorders-for-women-with-celiac-disease/
Short Duration of Breast Feeding
References:
Short Stature
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
- Muhammad A, Arif N, Wajid KK, et al. Short stature and celiac disease in children (5 to 16 years) presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Cureus. Published online 2022. doi:10.7759/cureus.26099
- Nurminen S, Kivelä L, Taavela J, et al. Factors associated with growth disturbance at celiac disease diagnosis in children: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15(1). doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0357-4
- Aggarwal N, Dwarakanathan V, Singh A, et al. Spectrum of height in patients with celiac disease. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2021;40(6):604-612. doi:10.1007/s12664-021-01173-9
- Esmaeilzadeh A, Ganji A, Goshayeshi L, et al. Adult celiac disease: Patients are shorter compared with their peers in the general population. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2016;8(4):303-309. doi:10.15171/mejdd.2016.40
- Almahmoud E, Alkazemi DUZ, Al-Qabandi W. Growth stunting and nutritional deficiencies among children and adolescents with celiac disease in Kuwait: A case-control study. Children (Basel). 2024;11(9). doi:10.3390/children11091042
Sjögrens Syndrome
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Small Bowel Intussusception (One loop of intestine slips into another)
References:
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
References:
Smell, Loss of
References:
Sperm Abnormalities
References:
Spina Bifida
References:
Steatorrhea
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Stomatitis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Stroke in Adulthood
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Stroke in Childhood
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Sucrose Intolerance
References:
Swelling and Inflammation
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
Systemic Inflammation
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
References:
- Lupu VV, Jechel E, Mihai CM, Mitrofan EC, Lupu A, Starcea IM, Fotea S, Mocanu A, Ghica DC, Mitrofan C, et al. 2023. Connection between celiac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus in children-A development model of autoimmune diseases starting from what we inherit to what we eat. Nutrients. 15(11). doi:10.3390/nu15112535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112535.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
- Tinguria M. 2023. Rare complications of celiac disease: Clinicopathologic features. Med Res Arch. 11(4). doi:10.18103/mra.v11i4.3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i4.3763.
Systemic Sclerosis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Taste, Loss of
References:
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
References:
Tetany
References:
Thin hair
References:
Thrombocytosis
References:
- Pantic N, Pantic I, Jevtic D, Mogulla V, Oluic S, Durdevic M, et al. Celiac Disease and Thrombotic Events: Systematic Review of Published Cases. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 May 23;14(10):2162. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102162
Thromboembolism
References:
- Pantic N, Pantic I, Jevtic D, Mogulla V, Oluic S, Durdevic M, et al. Celiac Disease and Thrombotic Events: Systematic Review of Published Cases. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 May 23;14(10):2162. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102162
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Thyroid Cancers
References:
Transient Erythroblastopenia
References:
Tremors
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Turner’s Syndrome
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Ulcers – esophageal, mouth, stomach, upper small intestine
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Urinary Stones
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Urinary Tract Infection
References:
Urticaria, chronic (Hives)
References:
Lebwohl B, Söderling J, Roelstraete B, Lebwohl MG, Green PHR, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of skin disorders in patients with celiac disease: A population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Dec;85(6):1456-1464. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.079. Epub 2020 Nov 1. PMID: 33144153.
Uveitis, Bilateral
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vaginitis
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vasculitis – inflammation of blood vessels
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System
References:
- Campagna G, Pesce M, Tatangelo R, Rizzuto A, La Fratta I, Grilli A. The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications. Nutrition Research Reviews. Cambridge University Press; 2017;30(1):25–35.
- Rush PJ, Inman R, Bernstein M, Carlen P, Resch L. Isolated vasculitis of the central nervous system in a patient with celiac disease. Am J Med. 1986 Dec;81(6):1092-4. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90416-x. PMID: 3799641.
Vertigo
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vitamin A Deficiency
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vitamin D Deficiency
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vitamin E Deficiency
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vitamin K Deficiency
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vitamin Deficiencies
References:
- Almohanna HM, Ahmed AA, Tsatalis JP, Tosti A. The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019 Mar;9(1):51-70. doi: 10.1007/s13555-018-0278-6. Epub 2018 Dec 13. PMID: 30547302; PMCID: PMC6380979.
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Vitiligo
References:
- Lebwohl B, Söderling J, Roelstraete B, Lebwohl MG, Green PHR, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of skin disorders in patients with celiac disease: A population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Dec;85(6):1456-1464. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.079. Epub 2020 Nov 1. PMID: 33144153.
Vomiting
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
Weight Gain, Unexplained
References:
- Calcaterra V, Regalbuto C, Madè A, Magistrali M, Leonard MM, Cena H. Coexistence of Excessive Weight Gain and Celiac Disease in Children: An Unusual Familial Condition. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2019 Jul;22(4):407-412. doi: 10.5223/pghn.2019.22.4.407. Epub 2019 Jun 18. PMID: 31338317; PMCID: PMC6629591.
Weight Loss, Unexplained
References:
- Masoodi M, Mokhtare M, Agah S, Sina M, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Frequency of Celiac Disease in Patients With Increased Intestinal Gas (Flatulence). Glob J Health Sci. 2015 Oct 26;8(6):147-53. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p147. PMID: 26755470; PMCID: PMC4954875.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Wet Beriberi
References:
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.
Xerophthalmia
References:
Zinc, Low
References:
- Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 15;12(2):500. doi: 10.3390/nu12020500. PMID: 32075276; PMCID: PMC7071237.
- Therrien A, Kelly CP, Silvester JA. Celiac Disease: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Associated Conditions. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jan;54(1):8-21. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001267. PMID: 31513026; PMCID: PMC6895422.